Our study results can form a baseline for Doppler indices in second and third trimester which can further help in abnormal values in high risk patients. Systolic/diastolic ratio was 4.16 at 18-20 wks and 2.21 at 39-40 wks.Ĭonclusion: In normal healthy pregnancies, doppler ultrasound should be used to evaluate the degree of feto-placental blood flow in order to detect the risk of pregnancy complications. Median values for the pulsatility index were 1.23 at 18-20 wks which reduced toĠ.86 at 39-40 wks, for the resistivity index median values were 0.70 at 18-20 wks and 0.52 at 39-40 wks. Since its widespread description in the 1980s 1, 2, examination of Doppler flow velocity waveforms in the umbilical artery (UA) has become an established part of the optimal assessment of fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), providing important information which may optimize the timing of interventions 3. Percentile values were calculated for these indices. ![]() Results: The normal umbilical artery Doppler indices at different gestational ages in healthy pregnant women were analyzed. Doppler parameters Resistive Index (RI), Pulsatility Index (PI) and the systolic to diastolic ratio(S/D) were recorded. Abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry and placental histopathological correlation in fetal growth restriction. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Radiology department of Hayatabad Medical Complex from July 2018 to Dec 2018.Total 260 normal singleton pregnancies with gestational age ranging from 18-40 weeks were included. Objective: To evaluate the Doppler indices in the umbilical arteries of healthy pregnant women from 18-40 wks gestation. Terminology Insertion of the umbilical cord within <2 cm from the placental margin is described as marginal cord insertion (usually defined as <2 cm 5 although some references define it as <1 cm 3,6 ). Normal umbilical artery Doppler indices reference values have been established in Western countries but there is paucity of studies conducted in Pakistan regarding normal umbilical artery Doppler indices reference values. Marginal cord insertion, also known as a battledore insertion, is a type of abnormal cord insertion. Background: Doppler ultrasound in second and third trimesters is non invasive method to assess fetal wellbeing and monitoring fetoplacental unit.
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